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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
Varicocele embolization with glue and coils: A single center experience
C Bilreiro1, P Donato1, J F Costa1
1Serviço de Imagem Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare metallic coils and glue (n-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate) for varicocele embolization, regarding immediate technical and clinical success, procedure time, complications and recurrence rates.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of varicocele embolization procedures performed between July 2012 and July 2015 was undertaken. A total of 129 procedures were performed, 26 using glue (20.2%; 26 men with a mean age of 32.6 years) and 103 using coils (79.8%; 103 men with a mean age of 32.3 years). Demographic data, indications, technique, procedure time, complications and outcomes were compared.
Results:
A total of 89 procedures (69%) were motivated by infertility (glue=20, coils=69) and 40 (31%) by testicular pain (glue=6, coils=34). The mean procedure time was 35.58±13.44 (SD) min for glue and 45.97±17.46 (SD) min for coils (P=0.0054). Immediate technical success rate was 100% using glue and 99% using coils (P=1.0000). A single minor complication was observed after coil embolization (0.97%). Both materials showed significant improvement of semen parameters, with similar clinical success rates. For patients referred for testicular pain, clinical success rate was 66.67% using glue and 88.24% using coils (P=0.2147). Recurrence rate was 11.54% with glue and 5.83% with coils (P=0.4000). Procedure time was significantly shorter with glue (P=0.0054).
Conclusion:
Glue and coils are both safe and effective for varicocele embolization. However, the use of glue yields shorter procedure time.
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