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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
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Should Small Renal Masses Be Biopsied?

Ricardo R N Leão1, Ardalan E Ahmad2, Patrick O Richard3

  • 1Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Suite 3-130, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada. romaoleao@gmail.com.

Current Urology Reports
|February 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Increasing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) detection, often small renal masses (SRMs), leads to overtreatment. Renal tumour biopsy (RTB) offers a safe, accurate method to determine benign vs. malignant SRMs, guiding personalized treatment.

Keywords:
Renal biopsyRenal cell carcinomaSmall renal mass

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Rising incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) linked to increased detection of small renal masses (SRMs) via abdominal imaging.
  • A significant proportion (up to 30%) of incidentally discovered SRMs are benign, leading to potential overtreatment with definitive therapies.
  • Renal tumour biopsy (RTB) is proposed to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary treatments for SRMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, reliability, and accuracy of renal tumour biopsy (RTB) for small renal masses (SRMs).
  • To assess the role of RTB in reducing overtreatment of benign SRMs.
  • To explore future directions in SRM management integrating pathological and molecular data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent series and data from experienced centers on renal tumour biopsy (RTB) outcomes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic rates, safety profiles, and accuracy of RTB in identifying SRM histology.
  • Examination of the impact of RTB on treatment decisions for SRMs.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies indicate that RTB is a safe and reliable procedure for SRMs.
  • RTB demonstrates high accuracy in determining the pretreatment histology of SRMs.
  • Experience from specialized centers has significantly improved RTB's non-diagnostic rates.

Conclusions:

  • Renal tumour biopsy (RTB) is an accurate and safe tool for evaluating small renal masses (SRMs).
  • RTB can help decrease the overtreatment of benign SRMs.
  • Future SRM management will likely integrate pathological, molecular, and genetic data for personalized, risk-adapted treatment strategies.