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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Orthotopic Implantation and Peripheral Immune Cell Monitoring in the II-45 Syngeneic Rat Mesothelioma Model
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Switching off malignant mesothelioma: exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment.

Noushin Nabavi1, Kevin L Bennewith2, Andrew Churg3

  • 1Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada.

Genes & Cancer
|February 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive asbestos-related cancers. Targeting their genomic pathways, especially within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, offers a novel therapeutic strategy for this challenging disease.

Keywords:
DNA damageangiogenesiscell cyclehypoxiamesotheliomametabolismproteolysissolid tumors

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Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines
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Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive, asbestos-related cancers with poor prognosis.
  • Unspecific symptoms, misdiagnoses, and lack of targeted therapies necessitate further research.
  • Tumor hypoxia is a known factor in treatment resistance for solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize genomic aberrations in mesotheliomas by canonical pathways.
  • To discuss therapeutic targeting of these pathways in the context of tumor hypoxia.
  • To explore the potential of the hypoxic microenvironment as a therapeutic vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mesothelioma genomics.
  • Analysis of canonical pathways associated with identified genomic aberrations.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways and tumor hypoxia.

Main Results:

  • Genomic aberrations in mesotheliomas can be categorized into distinct canonical pathways.
  • Tumor hypoxia significantly impacts treatment resistance in mesotheliomas.
  • The hypoxic microenvironment presents a potential Achilles' heel for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mesothelioma genomic aberrations and their pathways is crucial.
  • Targeting these pathways, particularly in the context of hypoxia, may improve therapeutic outcomes.
  • Exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment offers a promising avenue for multimodal mesothelioma treatment.