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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Factors Affecting Creep01:28

Factors Affecting Creep

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In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
Further, the water/cement ratio is critical, as a lower ratio increases concrete strength, thus reducing creep. The strength of the...
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Limits of the First Law of Thermodynamics01:22

Limits of the First Law of Thermodynamics

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Spontaneous processes, like a rock falling to the ground or sodium reacting with chlorine, occur without external work and often involve a decrease in the system‘s energy. However, certain endothermic processes, such as the dissolution of sodium chloride in water, occur spontaneously even though they increase the energy of the system. This limitation suggests that the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of a system is constant in an isolated system, cannot...
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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
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Universal lower limit on vortex creep in superconductors.

S Eley1, M Miura2, B Maiorov1

  • 1Condensed Matter and Magnet Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Nature Materials
|February 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Superconductors exhibit slow vortex creep, challenging previous theories. This finding suggests a universal minimum creep rate, offering new insights for designing materials with enhanced superconducting properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Vortices are topological excitations crucial in superconductors, superfluids, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • Vortex motion significantly impacts superconductor functionality, causing phase transitions and energy losses.
  • Understanding vortex dynamics, especially the interplay between thermal energy and material disorder, is key for technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vortex dynamics in iron-based superconductors.
  • To reconcile puzzlingly fast vortex creep rates observed in some iron-based superconductors with their low Ginzburg numbers.
  • To propose a universal minimum creep rate and its dependence on material parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of BaFe2(As0.67P0.33)2 thin films.
  • Measurements of thermally activated vortex motion (creep).
  • Analysis of creep rates (S) in relation to the Ginzburg number (Gi) and superconducting transition temperature (Tc).

Main Results:

  • Observed exceptionally slow vortex creep in BaFe2(As0.67P0.33)2 films.
  • Proposed a universal minimum creep rate, S ∼ Gi^1/2(T/Tc), achieved in these films.
  • Demonstrated that this minimum creep rate is consistent across various materials, providing a new framework for vortex dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a universal limitation on vortex creep rates in superconductors.
  • This finding challenges existing models and offers new perspectives on the role of material disorder.
  • The results provide crucial guidance for designing superconductors with suppressed vortex motion and improved performance.