Equilibrium distribution of ions in a muscle fiber

We have developed a mathematical description of the equilibrium (Donnan) distribution of mobile ions between two phases containing fixed charges. This differs from the classical Donnan derivation by including mobile polyvalent ions such as those present in intact muscle fibers and in solutions used with skinned muscle fibers. Given the average concentrations of ionic species present in intact frog muscle, we calculate that the myofibrillar fixed charge density (-42 meq/liter cytoplasmic fluid) is in close agreement with estimates from amino acid analysis of myofibrillar proteins. As expected, with negative fixed charges in the myofibril, anions are excluded from the myofibrillar space while cations are concentrated in this space; the ratio between the average intra- and extramyofibrillar concentrations for an ion of valence n is (1.11)n. This model allowed us to design a bathing solution for skinned muscle fibers in which the intramyofibrillar ion concentrations closely approximate those found in intact frog muscle cells. Our model, applied to the A- and I-bands of the sarcomere, suggests that likely differences in fixed charge densities in these regions accounts for only a small fraction of the extreme concentration of phosphocreatine observed in the I-bands of intact frog muscle.