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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

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Published on: October 17, 2017

Heritability and GWAS Studies for Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio.

Bochao D Lin¹, Gonneke Willemsen¹, Iryna O Fedko¹

¹Netherlands Twin Register,Department of Biological Psychology,Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.

Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

|February 15, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is influenced by genetics, age, sex, and smoking. A study found that gene variants in ITGA4 are associated with MLR variation, suggesting further genetic factors are involved.

Keywords:

GWAS MLR age and sex differences heritability lifestyle

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Area of Science:

Human Genetics
Immunology
Biomarkers

Background:

The monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is a known biomarker for disease, but its genetic and environmental influences are not well understood.
Understanding MLR variation is crucial for its application in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic architecture of MLR.
To determine the impact of demographic and lifestyle factors on MLR.
To identify specific genes associated with MLR variation.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Netherlands Twin Register (N=9,501) including twins, siblings, and parents.
Employed regression analyses for demographic and lifestyle factors (age, sex, smoking, BMI).
Applied genetic structural equation modeling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on SNP data.

Main Results:

MLR variation is influenced by age, sex, and smoking, but not BMI.
Heritability estimates for MLR, monocyte count, and lymphocyte count were 40%, 58%, and 58%, respectively.
GWAS identified a significant locus on ITGA4 associated with MLR, and variants on ITPR3, LPAP1, and IRF8 for monocyte count.

Conclusions:

MLR is a heritable trait influenced by age, sex, and smoking in the general population.
Genetic variants in ITGA4 are associated with MLR variation.
Significant SNP-heritability suggests that numerous other genetic variants contribute to MLR levels.