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Sphincter of Oddi Function and Risk Factors for Dysfunction.

Elham Afghani1, Simon K Lo1, Paul S Covington2

  • 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA.

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|February 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) involves issues with a valve controlling digestive secretions. Risk factors include surgery and certain medications, potentially causing pancreatitis and liver enzyme elevation.

Keywords:
amylasebiliary colicfunctional biliary disorderhepatic enzymeslipasepancreatitissphincter of Oddisphincter of Oddi dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Digestive Physiology

Background:

  • The sphincter of Oddi (SO) regulates biliary and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum.
  • Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) encompasses various biliary, pancreatic, and hepatic disorders.
  • SOD arises from abnormal spasms, strictures, or relaxation of the SO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors associated with Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD).
  • To highlight clinical consequences of unrecognized or untreated SOD.
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies for SOD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatments for SOD.
  • Analysis of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management approaches.
  • Identification of areas requiring further research in SOD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Cholecystectomy, opiate use, and alcohol consumption are identified as potential risk factors for SOD.
  • Untreated SOD can lead to pancreatitis and elevated hepatic enzymes.
  • Various pharmacologic agents are being investigated for SOD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and management of SOD are crucial to prevent complications.
  • Further research is needed to establish the efficacy of agents like calcium-channel blockers, glyceryl trinitrate, and tricyclic antidepressants in managing SOD.