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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
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Mapping out p38MAPK.

Elizabeth A Bonney1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|February 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is crucial for reproductive tissue development, senescence, and homeostasis. Understanding its role can lead to new hypotheses for investigating normal and stressed pregnancies.

Keywords:
MAPK14 p38 pregnancyimmunologyreproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a critical signaling cascade involved in cellular responses to stress and developmental processes.
  • Recent evidence highlights the significant role of p38 MAPK in the programming and senescence of reproductive tissues.
  • A systems approach is increasingly recognized as essential for generating novel hypotheses in complex biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the p38 MAPK pathway in reproductive tissues.
  • To explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in basic biological processes and tissue homeostasis.
  • To propose the integration of p38 MAPK research into the study of normal and stressed pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of evidence linking p38 MAPK to reproductive tissue homeostasis and development.
  • Identification of relevant animal models and existing reviews for further research.

Main Results:

  • The p38 MAPK pathway is implicated in the developmental programming and senescence of normal and stressed reproductive tissues.
  • Evidence supports the involvement of p38 MAPK in maintaining the homeostasis of reproductive tissues.
  • The review outlines how p38 MAPK can be a focal point for investigating pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • The p38 MAPK pathway is a key regulator in reproductive tissue biology.
  • Further investigation into p38 MAPK signaling offers potential for new hypotheses in reproductive health and pregnancy research.
  • Understanding p38 MAPK is vital for both normal physiological processes and stress-related conditions in reproduction.