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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E risks: pigs or blood-that is the question.

Richard S Tedder^1,2,3, Samreen Ijaz¹, Alan Kitchen²

¹Virus Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.

|February 15, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transfusion risk is lower than dietary risk unless patients receive over 13 components. Immunosuppressed individuals with extensive blood support face higher transfusion risks from HEV.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Transfusion Medicine
Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is a food-borne zoonosis causing acute hepatitis in developed countries.
HEV can lead to persistent infection and cirrhosis in immunosuppressed individuals.
UK implemented HEV screening for blood components for at-risk patients, but dietary exposure remains a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the relative risks of transfusion-acquired versus dietary hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.
To inform policy decisions regarding HEV RNA screening of blood donations.

Main Methods:

Utilized data on HEV viremia, component exposure, and transmission rates.
Developed a model to compare blood transfusion and dietary exposure risks.
Estimated viral dose and transmission rates from viremic blood components.

Main Results:

The lowest infectious dose of HEV was 2 × 10^4 IUs, with 55% transmission from contaminated components.
Transfusion risk of HEV infection exceeds annual dietary risk only when transfusing more than 13 donor components.
Dietary exposure poses a greater HEV risk than transfusion for most solid organ transplant recipients.

Conclusions:

Dietary exposure is the primary HEV risk for most patients, including solid organ transplant recipients.
Transfusion risk becomes dominant only in immunosuppressed patients requiring substantial blood component support.
Findings should guide HEV RNA screening policies for blood donations.