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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Hard carbon anodes of sodium-ion batteries: undervalued rate capability
Zhifei Li1, Zelang Jian1, Xingfeng Wang1
1Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. david.ji@oregonstate.edu.
Abstract:
The rate capability of hard carbon has long been underestimated in prior studies that used carbon/Na two-electrode half-cells. Through a three-electrode cell setup, we discover that it is the overpotential of the sodium counter electrode that drives the half-cells to the lower cutoff potential prematurely during hard carbon sodiation, particularly at high current rates, which prevents the hard carbon anode from being fully sodiated.
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