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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Drug Therapy01:28

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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[When and how prescribe antipsychotics?]

S Tebeka1, G Airagnes2, F Limosin3

  • 1Faculté de médecine, université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 75018 Paris, France; Service de psychiatrie, hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|February 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antipsychotics are vital for various mental health conditions but require careful benefit/risk assessment due to potential side effects. Second-generation antipsychotics offer a better safety profile for long-term use.

Keywords:
AntipsychoticAntipsychotiqueEffets indésirablesIndicationMonitoringNeurolepticNeuroleptiquePrescriptionSide effectsSurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Antipsychotics are widely prescribed for diverse indications, including acute agitation and chronic psychiatric disorders.
  • Practitioners frequently encounter situations requiring antipsychotic prescription or renewal.
  • These medications necessitate a thorough benefit/risk assessment tailored to individual patient contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications, side effects, and management considerations for antipsychotic medications.
  • To emphasize the importance of balancing therapeutic benefits against potential adverse events.
  • To highlight the preference for second-generation antipsychotics due to their safety profile.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on antipsychotic prescribing practices.
  • Analysis of common side effect profiles, including neurological, metabolic, and cardiac complications.
  • Discussion of monitoring strategies for effectiveness, tolerance, and adherence.

Main Results:

  • Antipsychotics carry significant risks, such as extrapyramidal symptoms, metabolic changes, and cardiac issues, which can increase morbidity and mortality.
  • Second-generation antipsychotics generally exhibit a more favorable safety profile compared to first-generation agents, particularly for long-term treatment.
  • Effective patient management hinges on vigilant monitoring of treatment outcomes and side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Careful patient selection and ongoing monitoring are crucial for optimizing antipsychotic therapy.
  • The choice between antipsychotic generations should consider the safety profile, especially in long-term treatment scenarios.
  • Managing antipsychotic therapy requires a comprehensive approach addressing efficacy, tolerance, and adherence to minimize patient harm.