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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke
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Upper Alpha Based Neurofeedback Training in Chronic Stroke: Brain Plasticity Processes and Cognitive Effects.

Silvia Erika Kober1,2, Daniela Schweiger3, Johanna Louise Reichert3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, 8010, Graz, Austria. silvia.kober@uni-graz.at.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
|February 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Upper alpha neurofeedback (NF) training improved memory in stroke survivors. This brain training also normalized brain activity in one patient, showing NF

Keywords:
Cortical reorganizationMemoryNeurofeedbackStroke recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Stroke survivors often experience cognitive deficits, particularly memory impairment.
  • Neurofeedback (NF) is an emerging technique for neurological rehabilitation.
  • Upper alpha brainwave activity is a target for NF interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of upper alpha neurofeedback (NF) on brain activity and cognitive functions in stroke survivors.
  • To assess NF's potential as a rehabilitation tool for stroke-related memory deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Two chronic stroke patients with memory deficits and 24 healthy controls underwent up to ten NF sessions.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) resting state measurements and neuropsychological tests were conducted before and after NF training.
  • EEG topography was analyzed for changes in delta (0.5-4 Hz) and upper alpha (10-12 Hz) power.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients demonstrated improved memory functions post-NF training.
  • One stroke patient with abnormal pre-NF EEG patterns showed normalized brain activity (delta and upper alpha distribution) after training.
  • Healthy controls and the other stroke patient without pre-existing EEG abnormalities showed no significant changes in brain activity topography.

Conclusions:

  • Upper alpha based NF training positively impacts memory functions in stroke survivors.
  • NF can lead to cortical normalization in stroke patients with pathological brain activation.
  • These findings highlight the potential of NF as a valuable tool in neurological rehabilitation after stroke.