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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi
Published on: July 6, 2016
Vulvar infections: beyond sexually transmitted infections
Rachel M Cymerman1, Rachel Kaplan Hoffmann1, Panta Rouhani Schaffer1
1The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
The vulva is an under-studied area of the female genitourinary tract which is prone to maceration, overgrowth of organisms, and atypical presentations of common dermatologic conditions. In current practice, dermatologists must recognize and manage vulvar infections and infestations beyond the more commonly recognized sexually transmitted infections. Herein, this article reviews the literature on a selection of under-recognized viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic vulvar infections and infestations.
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