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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Homing of Hematopoietic Cells to the Bone Marrow

Homing of Hematopoietic Cells to the Bone Marrow

Published on: March 18, 2009

Flow Dynamics and HSPC Homing in Bone Marrow Microvessels.

M Gabriele Bixel¹, Anjali P Kusumbe², Saravana K Ramasamy²

¹Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

|February 16, 2017

Summary

This study reveals how blood flow dynamics in bone marrow vasculature influence hematopoietic stem cell homing. Advanced imaging quantifies cellular motion, providing insights into stem cell trafficking and bone marrow microcirculation.

Keywords:

blood flow velocities bone marrow deep tissue imaging hematopoietic parameters hematopoietic stem cell intravital imaging microvasculature stem cell homing wall shear stress

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Homing of Hematopoietic Cells to the Bone Marrow

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Published on: March 18, 2009

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

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Published on: September 4, 2014

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Hematology
Microcirculation Research

Background:

Understanding hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homing to the bone marrow is vital for regenerative medicine and treating blood disorders.
The bone marrow vasculature, particularly sinusoidal capillaries, presents unique microenvironmental challenges for cell trafficking.
Accurate measurement of blood flow dynamics at the cellular level is essential for elucidating HSPC homing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply advanced intravital two-photon imaging techniques for precise measurement of blood flow velocities in bone marrow vasculature.
To investigate the relationship between blood flow parameters and the homing behavior of individual HSPCs.
To characterize flow patterns and wall shear stress in arterial vessels and sinusoidal capillaries relevant to HSPC trafficking.

Main Methods:

Development of two complementary intravital two-photon imaging approaches to capture red blood cell motion.
High-resolution spatiotemporal measurements and repetitive centerline scans for detailed flow-profile mapping and hemodynamic parameter determination.
Observation of individual HSPC homing dynamics within the bone marrow vasculature.

Main Results:

Detailed flow patterns and velocities were determined at cellular resolution in small arterial vessels and sinusoidal capillaries.
Hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress, were quantified in the microvasculature.
Direct observation provided insights into the cellular dynamics and behavior of homing HSPCs.

Conclusions:

The developed imaging techniques enable precise characterization of blood flow dynamics crucial for HSPC homing.
Understanding microvascular flow is key to deciphering the mechanisms governing stem cell trafficking in the bone marrow.
This study provides a foundation for further research into modulating bone marrow microcirculation to enhance stem cell therapies.