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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia IV: Management

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Idiopathic neonatal pneumoperitoneum, a case report.

Sarah Magdy Abdelmohsen¹, Mohamed Abdelkader Osman²

¹Aswan University Hospital, Egypt.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

|February 16, 2017

Summary

Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum in neonates is a rare, benign condition. Timely diagnosis can help avoid unnecessary surgery, as demonstrated by a case requiring intervention but revealing no underlying cause.

Keywords:

Abdominal drain bag gas expansion Case report Delayed postoperative pneumoperitoneum Neonatal pneumoperitoneum

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A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Neonatal surgery
Pediatric gastroenterology

Background:

Neonatal pneumoperitoneum can stem from various non-surgical causes, including mechanical ventilation and pulmonary diseases.
Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum is a rare, benign condition with an unclear etiology, often presenting similarly to gastrointestinal perforation.
Current surgical decision-making for neonates with pneumoperitoneum lacks clear criteria, potentially leading to unnecessary exploratory laparotomies.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the diagnostic challenges and management of idiopathic pneumoperitoneum in neonates.
To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

Case report of a neonate experiencing massive pneumoperitoneum requiring surgical intervention.
Detailed observation of postoperative gas accumulation in the abdominal drain bag over 10 days.

Main Results:

Surgical intervention revealed negative findings, indicating no gastrointestinal perforation or other surgical pathology.
Persistent gas accumulation in the drain bag post-surgery, with the cause remaining undetermined.

Conclusions:

Laparotomy is not always necessary for neonates with idiopathic pneumoperitoneum if diagnosed promptly.
Further research is needed to elucidate the origins of free abdominal gas and delayed gas expansion in neonates.