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Hormonal changes during decompression sickness.

P W Catron, L B Thomas, J J McDermott

    Undersea Biomedical Research
    |July 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Decompression sickness in dogs caused rapid increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine. Helium-oxygen breathing did not alter these stress hormones or affect survival outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Marine Biology
    • Animal Science

    Background:

    • Decompression sickness (DCS) poses risks to divers and can trigger physiological stress responses.
    • Understanding hormonal changes during DCS is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
    • Previous research has explored various physiological effects of DCS, but hormonal responses require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of decompression sickness on plasma hormone levels in anesthetized dogs.
    • To compare hormonal changes between different ventilation strategies (air vs. helium-oxygen) post-dive.
    • To identify potential hormonal markers associated with DCS severity and survival.

    Main Methods:

    • Four groups of dogs were studied: control, air dive, helium-oxygen (He-O2) dive, and nonsurvivors.

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  • Animals underwent repetitive dives until pulmonary artery pressure doubled.
  • Plasma concentrations of epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma Epi and NE concentrations significantly increased post-dive in all diving groups.
    • Serum ACE activity showed a small increase in the He-O2 group only.
    • Cortisol, T4, and T3 levels remained unchanged by diving, though T4 and T3 decreased likely due to anesthesia. He-O2 breathing did not influence any measured hormone levels or ACE activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Diving and subsequent decompression sickness induce a significant adrenergic stress response (increased Epi and NE) in dogs.
    • Helium-oxygen breathing does not mitigate this stress response or appear to influence DCS outcomes in this model.
    • Anesthesia likely contributes to decreased thyroid hormone levels, independent of DCS or gas mixtures.