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Related Concept Videos

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Visualizing Cellular Gibberellin Levels Using the nlsGPS1 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Biosensor
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How do plants sense their nitrogen status?

Lucas Gent1, Brian G Forde1

  • 1Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|February 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants monitor soil nitrate using root systems and high-affinity uptake. This review explores how plants sense nitrogen status, focusing on signaling pathways like TOR and GLRs.

Keywords:
Amino acidsGCN2PIIglutamate receptorsnitrate uptakeroot developmentsignal transductiontarget of rifampicin.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Efficient soil nitrate capture relies on root exploration and high-affinity uptake systems.
  • Plant nitrogen (N) assimilation is tightly regulated by nitrate availability and the plant's internal N status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of how plants sense and signal their internal nitrogen status.
  • To identify key nitrogen compounds and signaling pathways involved in plant N status monitoring.
  • To explore the roles of TOR, GCN2, PII, and GLR pathways in N sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant physiology and molecular signaling studies.
  • Analysis of known nitrogen sensing mechanisms in plants.
  • Discussion of potential signaling pathways including TOR, GCN2, PII, and GLRs.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding external nitrate sensing.
  • The mechanisms by which plants monitor their internal N status are less clear.
  • Several signaling pathways (TOR, GCN2, PII, GLRs) are implicated in N status monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The glutamate-like receptor (GLR) family may act as amino acid sensors upstream of Ca2+-regulated pathways like TOR.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the contribution of these pathways to plant N status monitoring.
  • Understanding N sensing is crucial for optimizing plant growth and nutrient uptake.