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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Characterization of Intra-Cartilage Transport Properties of Cationic Peptide Carriers
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Cartilage-targeting drug delivery: can electrostatic interactions help?

Ambika G Bajpayee1, Alan J Grodzinsky2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|February 17, 2017
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Leveraging electrostatic interactions with positively charged nanocarriers or protein domains can improve drug delivery into cartilage. This approach transforms cartilage from a barrier into a reservoir for sustained intra-tissue drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Current intra-articular drug delivery faces challenges in achieving adequate cartilage penetration.
  • Insufficient drug concentrations at target sites limit therapeutic efficacy in cartilage diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of charge-charge interactions for enhanced drug penetration and sustained delivery into cartilage.
  • To propose strategies for overcoming cartilage as a barrier to drug transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing positively charged nanocarriers with optimized size and charge for drug coupling.
  • Functionalizing drugs with positively charged protein domains to enhance cartilage penetration.
  • Evaluating drug transport and retention in relevant animal models.

Main Results:

  • Positively charged nanocarriers can convert cartilage into a drug reservoir.
  • Drug functionalization with charged domains promotes cartilage penetration.
  • Optimized delivery systems facilitate sustained intra-tissue drug availability.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostatic interactions offer a promising strategy for improving intra-articular drug delivery.
  • Nanocarrier-based and drug-based approaches can overcome cartilage drug penetration limitations.
  • The use of appropriate animal models is crucial for validating cartilage drug delivery strategies.