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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Ebstein Anomaly With QRS Fragmentation on Electrocardiogram.

Prakash Acharya1, Jonathan Ross Ang2, Bernard Gitler1

  • 1Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, New Rochelle, NY, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
|February 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ebstein anomaly, a rare heart defect, can cause blindness due to paradoxical embolization. QRS fragmentation on ECG indicates severity but resolves after corrective surgery.

Keywords:
Ebstein anomalyQRS fragmentationelectrocardiogramparadoxical embolization

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart malformation affecting the tricuspid valve and right ventricle.
  • It can lead to serious complications such as paradoxical embolization and arrhythmias.
  • Interatrial communication is a common associated finding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the association between Ebstein anomaly, interatrial communication, and unilateral blindness.
  • To highlight the significance of QRS fragmentation on ECG in Ebstein anomaly.
  • To evaluate the impact of corrective surgery on QRS fragmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic findings in patients with Ebstein anomaly.
  • Correlation of electrocardiographic findings (QRS fragmentation) with disease severity and surgical outcomes.
  • Analysis of complications including paradoxical embolization and unilateral blindness.

Main Results:

  • Ebstein anomaly is linked to interatrial communication, enabling paradoxical embolization and causing unilateral blindness.
  • Abnormal conduction in the atrialized right ventricle results in QRS fragmentation on ECG.
  • QRS fragmentation is indicative of a more severe condition and increased arrhythmia risk.
  • Surgical correction involving resection of the atrialized right ventricle leads to the disappearance of QRS fragmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Ebstein anomaly poses significant risks including blindness and arrhythmias.
  • QRS fragmentation is a valuable ECG marker for assessing Ebstein anomaly severity.
  • Corrective surgery effectively resolves ECG abnormalities and associated risks.