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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Fibrous Proteins00:55

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Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long, straight fiber. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the body's movement.
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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen
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In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen

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Collagen Fiber Orientation in Primate Long Bones.

Johanna Warshaw1, Timothy G Bromage1,2, Carl J Terranova3

  • 1Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|February 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Collagen fiber orientation (CFO) in primate long bones is predominantly longitudinal. Bone tissue type, not mechanical load or phylogeny, best explains variations in CFO.

Keywords:
bone growthbone histologybone tissue typescollagen fiber orientationmechanical adaptationprimates

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Primate anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Collagen fiber orientation (CFO) in bone is thought to adapt to mechanical loads.
  • Previous studies often overlooked developmental factors influencing CFO, especially in primary bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CFO patterns in primate long bones across various taxa.
  • To determine the influence of mechanical load, body size, phylogeny, and tissue type on CFO.

Main Methods:

  • Circularly polarized light microscopy was used.
  • Cross-sections of femur, humerus, tibia, radius, and ulna from diverse primate species were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Longitudinally oriented collagen fibers were prevalent in both primary and remodeled bone.
  • Variation in CFO was not solely explained by mechanical load adaptations.
  • Bone tissue type, particularly slower-depositing bone, showed a higher proportion of oblique to transverse fibers.

Conclusions:

  • CFO in primates is largely longitudinal, with variations not clearly linked to mechanical loads, body size, or phylogeny.
  • Primary tissue type is a key factor influencing CFO, with slower deposition correlating with more oblique/transverse fibers.