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Related Concept Videos

Work01:22

Work

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Work is done when energy is transferred from one object to another. In other words, work is when a force acts on something that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can be along various paths between two points. The increment of work (dW) done by a force acting through an infinitesimal displacement can be defined as the dot product of force () and displacement () vectors.
The dot product can be expressed in terms of...
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Work is a fundamental concept of mechanical engineering and has many applications. Understanding how work is calculated and the different types of work can help us better understand physical processes and provide insights into complex problems.
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Virtual Work01:20

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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Quantifying Work02:30

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As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
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Work Done on a System by External Force01:11

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The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Illegitimate tasks reach into afterwork hours: A multilevel study.

Sabine Sonnentag1, Tanja Lischetzke2

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim.

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Summary

Illegitimate tasks, or unnecessary job demands, increase negative emotions and lower self-esteem. This poor psychological detachment from work hinders recovery and well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Stress and Well-being

Background:

  • Illegitimate tasks are inappropriate assignments exceeding role requirements, acting as significant job stressors.
  • The stressor-detachment model posits that daily stressors impact psychological states and recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of illegitimate tasks on employees' end-of-day negative affect and self-esteem.
  • To examine the mediating role of psychological detachment in the relationship between illegitimate tasks and evening psychological states.

Main Methods:

  • 137 employees completed daily surveys over one workweek (567 total days).
  • Data collected at end-of-workday and bedtime using multilevel path modeling.
  • Differentiated between day-level (unnecessary tasks) and person-level (unreasonable tasks) analyses.

Main Results:

  • Unnecessary tasks at the day level predicted higher negative affect and lower self-esteem.
  • Low self-esteem predicted poor psychological detachment, which worsened evening affect and self-esteem.
  • Unreasonable tasks at the person level related to higher end-of-day negative affect and lower self-esteem.

Conclusions:

  • Illegitimate tasks are linked to adverse psychological states post-workday.
  • These tasks indirectly impair psychological detachment, hindering recovery from work stress.
  • Addressing illegitimate tasks is crucial for employee well-being and recovery.