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Congenital Malformations in River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Sara Albarella1, Francesca Ciotola2, Emanuele D'Anza3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy. sara.albarella@unina.it.

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PubMed
Summary

Congenital malformations in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) slow genetic progress and cause economic loss. Transverse hemimelia and omphalocele are the most common genetic defects, requiring better breeding plans to prevent their spread.

Keywords:
congenital malformationdisorders of sexual developmentgenetic musculoskeletal defectsriver buffalo

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Genetics
  • Animal Breeding
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Global river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) population exceeds 168 million, with significant breeding programs in India, China, Brazil, and Italy.
  • Congenital malformations impede genetic progress and cause economic losses in buffalo breeding due to reduced productivity, reproductive issues, and animal welfare concerns.
  • These malformations can lead to fetal dystocia and reduced fitness in affected animals, impacting survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of genetically caused congenital malformations in the global river buffalo population.
  • To identify the frequency and distribution of these malformations to inform genetic breeding strategies.
  • To prevent the propagation of detrimental gene variants and improve buffalo performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported congenital malformations in river buffalo.
  • Analysis of data from breeders reported to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
  • Identification of common malformations and their genetic basis.

Main Results:

  • Musculoskeletal defects, including transverse hemimelia (TH), arthrogryposis, and umbilical hernia, are frequently reported.
  • Disorders of sexual development are also significant congenital malformations in river buffalo.
  • Transverse hemimelia (TH) and omphalocele are identified as the most prevalent genetic malformations.

Conclusions:

  • River buffalo exhibit a wide array of genetically determined congenital malformations.
  • Underreporting of cases leads to an underestimation of the impact of genetic diseases in this species.
  • Effective genetic breeding plans are crucial to mitigate the effects of these malformations and enhance buffalo productivity and welfare.