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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a transplanted kidney.

Cristiano Claudino Oliveira1, Paula Dalsoglio Garcia2, Rosa Marlene Viero1

  • 1Department of Pathology - Botucatu School of Medicine - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Botucatu/SP, Brazil .

Autopsy & Case Reports
|February 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare kidney infection. In transplant patients, it can lead to poor outcomes, necessitating nephrectomy and highlighting the need for tailored treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Kidney DiseasesPyelonephritisTransplantation

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing infection of the kidney.
  • EPN is exceptionally rare in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Diagnosis and risk stratification typically rely on computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old kidney transplant recipient presented with sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection.
  • Abdominal CT revealed features consistent with EPN and an associated abscess.
  • A graft biopsy showed no signs of infection or rejection, despite clinical deterioration.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced a poor clinical course, ultimately requiring nephrectomy.
  • Pathological analysis confirmed chronic pyelonephritis with necrotizing papillitis.
  • The patient became hemodynamically unstable and deceased.

Implications:

  • Current diagnostic and treatment criteria for EPN in non-transplant patients may not be directly applicable to kidney transplant recipients.
  • Clinical status is a critical factor in deciding on nephrectomy for EPN in this vulnerable population.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal management protocols for EPN in kidney transplant patients.