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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

102
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
102
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

8.0K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

73
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
73
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.5K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
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Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

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Delayed Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis.

Bhushan Kumar, Surrinder Kaur, Mahendra Kumar

    Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
    |February 18, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Psoriasis patients showed normal immune responses to most skin tests, except for reduced sensitization to DNCB (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene). This suggests specific immune alterations in psoriasis, but overall skin reactivity is largely preserved.

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    The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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    The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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    The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Cutaneous hypersensitivity

    Background:

    • Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.
    • Immune system dysregulation is implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis.
    • Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses are a key component of cell-mediated immunity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in adult male psoriasis patients versus healthy volunteers.
    • To assess the reactivity of psoriasis patients to a panel of common skin test antigens and irritants.

    Main Methods:

    • Skin testing was performed on 22 adult male patients with psoriasis and 100 healthy male volunteers.
    • Antigens and irritants used included mumps skin antigen, candidin, coccidiodin, purified protein derivative (PPD), croton oil, and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).
    • Histamine was used as a positive control for irritant reactions.

    Main Results:

    • Psoriasis patients exhibited comparable skin test responses to normal volunteers across most tested antigens (mumps, candidin, coccidiodin, PPD) and irritants (croton oil, histamine).
    • A notable exception was observed with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), where psoriasis patients demonstrated significantly decreased sensitization compared to controls.
    • This finding suggests a specific impairment in DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity in individuals with psoriasis.

    Conclusions:

    • The study indicates that while overall cell-mediated immunity assessed by standard skin tests is largely intact in psoriasis patients, there is a specific defect in contact hypersensitivity to DNCB.
    • This selective anergy to DNCB warrants further investigation into the underlying immunological mechanisms in psoriasis.
    • Findings suggest that DTH responses to common recall antigens are generally preserved in psoriasis patients.