Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

10.7K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
10.7K
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

16.4K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
16.4K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.1K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
9.1K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.0K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
9.0K
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

7.0K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
7.0K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

4.8K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A molecular timer couples organism-wide temporal identity to developmental checkpoints.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Single-cell, clonal and spatial atlases of cranial placodes illuminate their specification and evolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developmental determinants of male bias in medulloblastoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A photoreceptor state links aggressive brain tumors in children.

Cancer cell·2026
Same author

A Cre-mediated copy number variant compromises the reliability of a <i>LoxP-STOP-LoxP</i>-<i>PLAG1</i> driven brain tumor model.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

Generating cerebellar organoids from pluripotent stem cells.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

24.0K

Non-apoptotic cell death in animal development.

Lena M Kutscher1, Shai Shaham1

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|February 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Multicellular development utilizes programmed cell death (PCD) beyond apoptosis. Non-apoptotic PCD pathways, like linker cell-type death (LCD), are crucial and may be more prevalent than previously thought.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3
08:20

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3

Published on: December 20, 2013

20.9K
In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

24.0K
Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3
08:20

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3

Published on: December 20, 2013

20.9K
In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is vital for multicellular organism development.
  • Apoptosis, a well-studied PCD form, involves chromatin condensation and caspase activation.
  • Emerging evidence shows developmental PCD occurs via non-apoptotic mechanisms distinct from apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of non-apoptotic PCD in animal development.
  • To explore the roles of linker cell-type death (LCD) and other non-apoptotic pathways in vertebrates.
  • To question the dominance of apoptosis as the primary PCD mechanism in vertebrate development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on programmed cell death.
  • Comparative analysis of apoptotic and non-apoptotic PCD pathways across different species.
  • Exploration of molecular and morphological distinctions between PCD types.

Main Results:

  • Non-apoptotic PCD pathways are morphologically and molecularly distinct from apoptosis.
  • Linker cell-type death (LCD) is conserved, caspase-independent, and involves the ubiquitin proteasome system.
  • Non-apoptotic PCD is prevalent in nervous system and germline development, suggesting strong selective pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Non-apoptotic PCD may function as a backup or independent cell culling program.
  • These pathways are critical in specific developmental contexts, particularly in the nervous system and gonads.
  • Apoptosis might not be the predominant PCD mechanism during vertebrate development.