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The Submerged Printing of Cells onto a Modified Surface Using a Continuous Flow Microspotter
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Recent lab-on-chip developments for novel drug discovery.

Nauman Khalid1,2,3, Isao Kobayashi3,4, Mitsutoshi Nakajima3,4

  • 1School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.

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Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices enable rapid, portable analysis for diagnostics and drug discovery. Current research focuses on advanced fabrication, scale-up, and new microengineering terms like organ-on-a-chip for future applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microengineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS) have driven miniaturization, leading to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices.
  • LOC devices integrate multiple laboratory functions onto a microchip, enabling portable, rapid, and user-friendly analyses.
  • These systems are crucial for advancements in life sciences, diagnostics, analytical sciences, and chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest developments in fabrication and production methodologies for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices.
  • To present an overview of scale-up strategies and potential applications in drug delivery and discovery.
  • To highlight current research trends and challenges in LOC technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on LOC fabrication and production techniques.
  • Analysis of scale-up strategies for transitioning LOC devices from laboratory to industrial production.
  • Examination of emerging microengineering concepts such as organ-on-a-chip and human-on-a-chip.

Main Results:

  • LOC devices facilitate fast, portable analysis for point-of-care diagnostics, forensics, biomolecular analysis, and environmental monitoring.
  • Fabrication methods and production methodologies are continually being refined to tailor LOC devices for specific applications.
  • Emerging microengineering applications include organ-on-a-chip, stem cells-on-a-chip, and human-on-a-chip systems.

Conclusions:

  • Key challenges include scaling up LOC device production from lab to industrial levels and conducting extensive toxicological studies for microfabricated drug delivery systems.
  • Translating in vitro findings from LOC devices to in vivo models remains a significant hurdle.
  • Continued innovation in fabrication and scale-up is essential for realizing the full potential of LOC technology in drug discovery and development.