Primary Ameloblastoma of the Temporal Bone

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Pathology

Background:

• Ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor, exhibits locally aggressive behavior and frequent recurrence.
• Typically occurring in the mandible, primary ameloblastoma in extra-gnathic locations is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

• A 17-year-old male presented with sudden, recurring unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, an unusual initial symptom.
• The tumor originated in the left mastoid, invading the lateral semicircular canal, facial nerve, and cochlea.
• Adherence to the sigmoid sinus and posterior cranial fossa dura was noted, necessitating facial nerve transection during surgery.

Findings:

• Histopathology confirmed primary temporal bone ameloblastoma, a diagnosis rarely described in this region.
• The case underscores the diagnostic challenges and management complexities of ameloblastoma in the temporal bone.

Implications:

• This case expands the known anatomical distribution of ameloblastoma.
• Highlights the importance of considering ameloblastoma in the differential diagnosis of temporal bone pathologies presenting with neurological symptoms.
• Emphasizes the challenges in achieving complete surgical resection and the potential for long-term sequelae.