n-3 Fatty acids, Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in normal aging: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Neuroscience
• Gerontology
• Cognitive Aging Research

Background:

• Age-related cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations.
• Previous research on n-3 fatty acids and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions for cognitive health has yielded mixed results.
• Understanding the impact of these dietary factors on cognition in healthy older adults is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids and MedDiet adherence on cognitive outcomes.
• To assess cognitive performance in a population of cognitively healthy aged individuals.
• To synthesize existing evidence on dietary interventions for cognitive preservation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of published studies from January 2000 to May 2015.
• Searched three major electronic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science/MEDLINE, and CINHAL.
• Included observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Main Results:

• Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review.
• n-3 fatty acids showed associations with improved global cognition and specific cognitive domains, despite some conflicting findings.
• MedDiet adherence was significantly linked to better cognitive performance and reduced cognitive decline.
• Cognitive performance was better in men than women; APOE4 genotype influence showed mixed results.

Conclusions:

• Dietary n-3 fatty acids and MedDiet adherence appear beneficial for slowing age-related cognitive decline.
• Further high-quality RCTs are recommended to clarify the specific effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on cognition.
• Evidence supports the role of diet in maintaining cognitive function during aging.