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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Soft Selective Sweeps in Evolutionary Rescue.

Benjamin A Wilson1, Pleuni S Pennings2, Dmitri A Petrov3

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, California 94305 bawilson@alumni.stanford.edu.

Genetics
|February 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary rescue, when populations adapt to environmental change, is often driven by multiple genetic adaptations spreading together. This study provides analytic results for rescue probability and soft selective sweeps.

Keywords:
adaptationextinctiongenetic diversitypopulation densityresistance evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Population Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Evolutionary rescue is crucial for understanding species conservation and the emergence of resistance to drugs and pesticides.
  • Existing models primarily estimate the probability of rescue, not the genetic mechanisms driving it.
  • Focusing on the contribution of adaptive lineages offers new insights into population survival under environmental stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether one or multiple adaptive lineages drive evolutionary rescue.
  • To provide full analytic results for the probability of evolutionary rescue.
  • To determine the probability of evolutionary rescue occurring via soft selective sweeps.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of population-genetic models.
  • Derivation of analytic formulas for rescue probability.
  • Investigation of scenarios involving soft selective sweeps.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary rescue is frequently driven by soft selective sweeps, where multiple adaptive mutations spread concurrently.
  • Analytic results are provided for the probability of evolutionary rescue.
  • The probability of rescue occurring through soft selective sweeps is determined.

Conclusions:

  • Soft selective sweeps are a common mechanism underlying successful evolutionary rescue.
  • The findings are applicable to understanding genetic signatures in large populations, such as pathogen resistance.
  • This work enhances the understanding of evolutionary rescue dynamics and its implications for various biological systems.