[Current biomarkers for gastric cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Gastric cancer remains a significant health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates.
• Emerging molecular data reveal gastric cancer is not a singular disease but comprises distinct molecular subtypes with varied biological characteristics.
• Advances in understanding molecular pathways are crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of molecular subtypes in gastric cancer.
• To emphasize the role of innovative therapies targeting molecular pathways and immune responses.
• To underscore the necessity of precise patient selection for targeted drug efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of current molecular genetic data for gastric cancer.
• Review of innovative therapeutic approaches, including targeted signaling pathway inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Emphasis on the integration of pathological parameters and tissue-based biomarkers.

Main Results:

• Gastric cancer exhibits diverse molecular subtypes, influencing its biology.
• Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors offer new treatment avenues.
• Patient selection based on molecular and pathological profiles is critical for treatment success.

Conclusions:

• Understanding gastric cancer's molecular heterogeneity is key to advancing treatment.
• Innovative therapies hold promise for improving patient outcomes.
• Pathologists are essential in creating comprehensive morphomolecular reports for informed clinical decisions.