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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
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Select noxious stimuli induce changes on corneal nerve morphology.

Deborah M Hegarty1, Sam M Hermes1, Katherine Yang1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
|February 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Noxious stimuli like menthol and capsaicin significantly reduced corneal nerve density. All tested stimuli depleted nerve CGRP, suggesting acute stimulation impacts corneal nerve morphology and neurochemistry.

Keywords:
CGRPRRID: AB_10063408RRID: AB_2315777RRID: AB_2492288RRID: AB_572217RRID: SCR_007370RRID: SCR_013672RRID: SCR_014199TRP channelsconfocal microscopyimmunocytochemistryβ-tubulin

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • The cornea has the highest density of nociceptive nerves, crucial for detecting noxious stimuli and signaling pain.
  • Corneal nerve injury can lead to neuropathic changes and chronic pain.
  • In vivo imaging technologies raise questions about corneal nerve density, morphology, and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether noxious stimulation alters corneal nerve morphology and neurochemistry.
  • To compare the effects of different noxious stimuli on corneal nerves.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to menthol, capsaicin, or hypertonic saline, evoking comparable nocifensive behaviors.
  • Corneal nerves were analyzed using immunocytochemistry and 3D volumetric analysis.
  • Nerve density (β-tubulin) and peptide content (CGRP) were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Menthol and capsaicin significantly reduced corneal nerve density (β-tubulin) within 2 hours.
  • Hypertonic saline did not alter nerve density but caused nerve varicosities.
  • All stimuli depleted CGRP from corneal nerves, indicating peptide release.

Conclusions:

  • Acute noxious stimulation can alter corneal nerve morphology and neurochemistry.
  • The impact of acute stimulation should be considered in studies of corneal nerve morphology and chronic pain conditions.