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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system.

Na Li1, Jinlian Hua2

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|February 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multi-potent and immunomodulatory functions. This review explores how MSCs interact with immune cells and their therapeutic potential for immune disorders.

Keywords:
Immune regulationInflammationMesenchymal stem cellPlasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with significant immunomodulatory properties.
  • These properties make MSCs promising candidates for treating various immune-related disorders.
  • MSCs interact with both innate and adaptive immune systems via direct contact or secreted factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and various immune cell subsets.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these MSC-immune cell interactions.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of MSCs in immune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating MSC-immune cell interactions.
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • MSCs modulate diverse immune cell populations, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells.
  • Both direct cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signaling via the MSC secretome are key mechanisms.
  • MSC-mediated immunomodulation offers potential benefits for autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities through complex interactions with immune cells.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing MSC-based therapies for immune disorders.
  • Further research is warranted to fully translate MSC therapeutic potential into clinical practice.