Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

1.0K
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
1.0K
Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

1.2K
Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
1.2K
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

1.5K
Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
1.5K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

9.7K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
9.7K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

3.7K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
3.7K
Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:23

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

5.7K
Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in order to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. The process begins with the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor for ACh, from ATP, acetate, and coenzyme A in the mitochondria. Choline, another vital precursor, is transported inside the neuron through choline transporters, including high-affinity choline transporter CHT1, low-affinity choline transporter CTL1, and lower-affinity choline...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutrophils repurpose the nucleolus as a cytokine reservoir and secretory organelle.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Autophagy functions in lung macrophages and dendritic cells to regulate allergen-dependent inflammatory responses.

Autophagy·2026
Same author

Dual membrane-spanning anti-sigma 2 controls OMV biogenesis and colonization fitness in <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same author

A multivalent capsule vaccine protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in healthy and immunocompromised mice.

NPJ vaccines·2025
Same author

Intracellular <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> acts as a transient reservoir in lung infection via a "persist and resist" strategy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Differential virulence and immune recognition of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> O-antigen subtypes O2α and O2β.

Infection and immunity·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
05:06

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.1K

The Secrets of Acinetobacter Secretion.

Brent S Weber1, Rachel L Kinsella1, Christian M Harding2

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Trends in Microbiology
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acinetobacter baumannii infections are a growing threat due to antibiotic resistance. This review details how bacterial secretion systems contribute to the pathogenicity and persistence of Acinetobacter species.

Keywords:
AcinetobacterAutotransportersOuter membrane vesicleSecretion systemsT2SST6SS

More Related Videos

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
10:24

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

14.5K
Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock
07:24

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock

Published on: June 29, 2017

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
05:06

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.1K
Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
10:24

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

14.5K
Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock
07:24

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock

Published on: June 29, 2017

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Bacterial Infections

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance limits treatment options for A. baumannii infections.
  • The mechanisms of A. baumannii pathogenesis are not fully understood, but secreted proteins are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of protein secretion systems in Acinetobacter species.
  • To highlight unique aspects of these systems contributing to pathogenicity.
  • To discuss the role of secretion systems in the persistence of Acinetobacter pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Acinetobacter secretion systems.
  • Analysis of known protein secretion mechanisms (T2SS, T6SS, autotransporter, OMVs).
  • Synthesis of information on the contribution of these systems to virulence.

Main Results:

  • Several secretion systems are identified in Acinetobacter species, including T2SS, T6SS, autotransporter, and OMVs.
  • These systems facilitate the delivery of effector proteins that contribute to disease.
  • Secretion mechanisms play a role in bacterial survival and adaptation in host environments.

Conclusions:

  • Protein secretion systems are critical for the pathogenicity and persistence of Acinetobacter species.
  • Understanding these systems is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against resistant strains.
  • Further research into the specific functions and regulation of these systems is warranted.