Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

36.0K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
36.0K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.2K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.9K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.9K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

10.0K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
10.0K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

16.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
16.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human RNA ligase 1 as a novel regulator of ribosome function and translation under oxidative stress.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Sex-specific regulation of angiogenin in Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

ModiCal: A Targeted Calibration Workflow for Site-Specific m<sup>5</sup>C Validation by Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same author

Real-time transcriptomic profiling in distinct experimental conditions.

eLife·2026
Same author

tRNA modification landscapes in streptococci: shared losses and clade-specific adaptations.

Open biology·2026
Same author

2'-O-Methylation maintains ribosome structural and translation integrity.

Molecular cell·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.8K

Detecting RNA modifications in the epitranscriptome: predict and validate.

Mark Helm1, Yuri Motorin2

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA modifications are key regulators of gene expression, akin to epigenetic marks. Advances in high-throughput sequencing reveal their potential, with new methods offering both benefits and challenges for detection and validation.

More Related Videos

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

7.4K
Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.8K
Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

7.4K
Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Post-transcriptional Regulation

Background:

  • RNA modifications are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Over 150 distinct RNA modifications are known, with their functional significance rapidly being uncovered.
  • Research interest in RNA modifications parallels that of DNA and histone modifications in epigenetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major developments in the field of RNA modification detection.
  • To discuss the principles behind various detection methods.
  • To present biophysical identification as a validation strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of detection principles for RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of high-throughput sequencing methods.
  • Integration of conventional biophysical identification techniques.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in RNA modification detection technologies have emerged.
  • High-throughput sequencing methods offer powerful but varied approaches to identify RNA modifications.
  • Biophysical methods remain essential for validating findings from high-throughput studies.

Conclusions:

  • The field of RNA modifications is rapidly expanding due to technological innovations.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires evaluating both high-throughput and biophysical detection techniques.
  • Accurate detection and validation are critical for elucidating the roles of RNA modifications in gene regulation.