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Discrete Element Model for Suppression of Coffee-Ring Effect.

Ting Xu1, Miu Ling Lam2,3,4, Ting-Hsuan Chen1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

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A new discrete element model explains how to suppress the coffee-ring effect. Increasing non-spherical particles and microspheres promotes cluster formation, preventing uneven deposition in evaporating droplets.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • The coffee-ring effect causes uneven deposition of particles from evaporating droplets.
  • This non-uniformity is problematic for various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Existing methods to suppress this effect lack a comprehensive model for particle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a discrete element model simulating particle behavior during droplet evaporation.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind suppressing the coffee-ring effect.
  • To provide insights for practical applications requiring uniform particle distribution.

Main Methods:

  • A discrete element model was employed to simulate particle dynamics.
  • Model included particle transport via capillary flow and Brownian motion.
  • Particle adsorption, cluster formation, deformation, and combination at the air-water interface were modeled.

Main Results:

  • Suppression of the coffee-ring effect is primarily driven by new cluster formation, not Marangoni flow.
  • Increasing the proportion of non-spherical particles enhances cluster formation.
  • Higher concentrations of microspheres also promote cluster formation, aiding suppression.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model offers a platform for understanding coffee-ring effect suppression.
  • Particle cluster formation, influenced by particle shape and concentration, is key to preventing uneven deposition.
  • This research provides foundational insights for controlling particle distribution in evaporating systems.