A Perspective on CRN Proteins in the Genomics Age: Evolution, Classification, Delivery and Function Revisited
Tiago M M M Amaro1, Gaëtan J A Thilliez2, Graham B Motion1
1Division of Plant Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, UK; Dundee Effector ConsortiumDundee, UK.
Frontiers in Plant Science
|February 21, 2017
Summary
CRN (CRinkling and Necrosis) proteins are conserved microbial effectors essential for plant infection. This review summarizes CRN biology, discusses challenges, and proposes new research approaches for understanding host-pathogen interactions.
Area of Science:
- Plant pathology
- Microbial genetics
- Molecular biology
Background:
- Plant-associated microbes secrete virulence factors called effectors to manipulate host immunity.
- CRN (CRinkling and Necrosis) proteins are highly conserved, modular secreted proteins found across kingdoms.
- CRNs are translocated into host cells, with C-termini often targeting the nucleus to interfere with immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on CRN protein biology.
- To re-evaluate existing assumptions about the CRN protein family.
- To highlight new hypotheses and research approaches for studying CRN function.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on CRN proteins.
- Analysis of conserved domains and functional studies of CRN effectors.
- Discussion of emerging hypotheses and novel methodologies.
Main Results:
- CRNs are crucial virulence factors with diverse functions, often acting in the host nucleus.
- The identification of numerous CRN-like proteins has expanded understanding but also presented challenges.
- Recent studies reveal insights into CRN molecular functions and their impact on host susceptibility.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of CRN effector biology is critical for deciphering plant immunity and susceptibility.
- New research strategies are needed to overcome current challenges and advance the field.
- Further investigation into CRN functions will illuminate host-microbe interactions and potential control strategies.
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