Long-term cardiac (valvulopathy) safety of cabergoline in prolactinoma

Clinical relevance of association of cabergoline use for hyperprolactinemia and cardiac valvulopathy remains unclear.

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of valvular heart abnormalities in patients taking cabergoline for the treatment of prolactinoma and to explore any associations with the cumulative dose of drug used.

A cross-sectional echocardiographic study was performed in patients who were receiving cabergoline therapy for prolactinoma.

Hundred (61 females, 39 males) prolactinoma cases (81 macroprolactinoma and 19 microprolactinoma) were included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 33.9 ± 9.0 years (range: 16-58 years). The mean duration of treatment was 53.11 ± 43.15 months (range: 12-155 months). The mean cumulative dose was 308.6 ± 290.2 mg (range: 26-1196 mg; interquartile range: 104-416 mg). Mild mitral regurgitation was present in one patient (cumulative cabergoline dose 104 mg). Mild tricuspid regurgitation was present in another two patients (cumulative cabergoline dose 52 mg and 104 mg). Aortic and pulmonary valve functioning was normal in all the cases. There were no cases of significant valvular regurgitation (moderate to severe, Grade 3-4). None of the patients had morphological abnormalities such as thickening, calcification, and restricted mobility of any of the cardiac valves.

Cabergoline appears to be safe in patients with prolactinoma up to the cumulative dose of ~300 mg. The screening for valvulopathy should be restricted to those with higher cumulative cabergoline exposure.