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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Type 1 Brugada pattern electrocardiogram induced by hypokalemia.

Thein Swe1, Muhammad Hassan Dogar2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can unmask Brugada syndrome, a genetic heart condition. Prompt correction of potassium levels can resolve the Brugada electrocardiogram pattern, highlighting the importance of monitoring electrolytes in at-risk patients.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromehypokalemiasudden cardiac death

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome is an inherited arrhythmogenic ion channel disease characterized by coved-type ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads.
  • It can lead to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD).
  • The association between hypokalemia and the Brugada electrocardiogram (EKG) pattern is rarely reported.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with hypokalemia (serum potassium 2.9 mmol/L).
  • This was associated with a new right bundle branch block pattern and coved ST-segment elevations with inverted T waves in leads V1-V2, indicative of a Type 1 Brugada EKG pattern.
  • The patient's serum potassium was corrected.

Findings:

  • Repeated EKG 6 hours after potassium correction revealed the disappearance of the Type 1 Brugada pattern.
  • Hypokalemia may unmask a Type 1 Brugada EKG pattern, although no specific serum potassium level is definitively known to induce it.

Implications:

  • Physicians should be aware that hypokalemia can unmask Brugada syndrome.
  • Patients with a family history of arrhythmia or SCD are at high risk.
  • Monitoring electrolytes is crucial in patients with suspected or known Brugada syndrome, especially when presenting with EKG abnormalities.