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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Human immunodeficiency virus polyarthropathy.

Priyanka Lakshmanan1, Ira Shah1

  • 1Pediatric HIV clinic, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Articular manifestations, like joint pain, are common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Effective antiretroviral therapy can successfully treat these symptoms in pediatric HIV patients.

Keywords:
Arthropathyhuman immunodeficiency viruspediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Articular manifestations are frequently observed but often overlooked in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Pediatric HIV infection can present with diverse clinical symptoms, including musculoskeletal issues.

Observation:

  • A 7-year-old malnourished girl with diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with recurrent left knee joint pain and swelling.
  • Diagnostic workup excluded common autoimmune and infectious causes, with negative results for antistreptolysin O, dsDNA, antinuclear antibody, and rheumatoid arthritis factor.

Findings:

  • The patient's articular symptoms, characterized by joint pain and effusion, demonstrated a positive response to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
  • This case highlights a specific presentation of articular involvement in pediatric HIV.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and management of articular manifestations are crucial in HIV-infected children.
  • Antiretroviral therapy may play a significant role in alleviating joint pain and effusion in pediatric HIV patients.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind HIV-associated arthropathy in children.