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Imaging extracellular potassium dynamics in brain tissue using a potassium-sensitive nanosensor.

Joel Wellbourne-Wood1, Theresa S Rimmele1, Jean-Yves Chatton2

  • 1University of Lausanne , Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Neurophotonics
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel fluorescence imaging nanosensor for mapping extracellular calcium ([Formula: see text]) in the brain. This technology offers improved spatial and temporal resolution compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
extracellular spacefluorescence microscopyfluorescent indicatornanotechnologypotassiumpotassium bufferingtwo-photon imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Neuronal activity releases calcium ions into the extracellular space (ECS).
  • Traditional methods for measuring extracellular calcium ([Formula: see text]) lack spatial resolution.
  • Imaging approaches are needed for spatiotemporal mapping of [Formula: see text] dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a fluorescence imaging-based nanosensor for extracellular calcium detection.
  • To evaluate the nanosensor's efficacy in physiologically relevant conditions and brain tissue.
  • To demonstrate the potential for creating multimodal nanosensors.

Main Methods:

  • Dendrimer nanotechnology was used to create a fluorescence imaging-based [Formula: see text]-sensitive nanosensor.
  • Spectrofluorimetry, wide-field, and two-photon microscopy were employed for characterization.
  • Localized iontophoretic [Formula: see text] application and acute mouse brain slices were used to assess kinetics and tissue retention.

Main Results:

  • The nanosensor demonstrated efficacy over physiologically relevant calcium concentrations.
  • Spatial and temporal kinetics were successfully assessed using two-photon imaging.
  • The nanosensor showed extended retention in the ECS of acute mouse brain slices.
  • A ratiometric version was developed and validated in brain tissue, correlating with neuronal activity and field potentials.

Conclusions:

  • The developed [Formula: see text]-sensitive nanosensor offers a powerful tool for spatiotemporal mapping of extracellular calcium.
  • This nanotechnology-based approach overcomes limitations of traditional measurement techniques.
  • The study validates the potential for creating advanced multimodal nanosensors for neuroscience research.