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Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

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Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

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Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug Distribution and Drug Interactions01:09

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug Distribution and Drug Interactions

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Renal clearance plays a pivotal role in drug elimination from the body and can be influenced by drug distribution and interactions. Understanding these factors is crucial in pharmacology as they impact the effectiveness and duration of drug therapy.
One important factor is the relationship between renal clearance and the apparent volume of distribution. Renal clearance tends to be inversely proportional to the apparent volume of distribution. Drugs with an extensive distribution volume or those...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

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Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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Captopril apparently increase and cisplatin apparently decrease human albumin concentration in artificial urinary

Rafał Kuzioła1, Barbara Marczewska1, Krzysztof Marczewski2

  • 1Institute of Environmental Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
|February 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Captopril and cisplatin in urine can alter human serum albumin (HSA) measurements, potentially affecting kidney disease diagnosis. These drug interferences impact HSA quantification and protein structure, influencing clinical decisions.

Keywords:
drugs interferencenative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisurine albumin determination

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urinary albumin (HSA) measurement is crucial for diagnosing kidney diseases.
  • The influence of co-existing urinary substances on HSA measurements is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of captopril and cisplatin on HSA determination.
  • To examine the effect of these drugs on HSA protein conformation.

Main Methods:

  • Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to determine HSA levels.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed protein structure changes.

Main Results:

  • Captopril led to an apparent increase in HSA concentration.
  • Cisplatin caused an apparent decrease in HSA concentration.
  • Both drugs altered the secondary structure of HSA, as observed by FTIR.

Conclusions:

  • Captopril and cisplatin, at therapeutic concentrations, interfere with urinary albumin measurements.
  • These drug-induced interferences can potentially mislead clinical decisions in kidney disease diagnostics.