Using Metaphors to Explain Molecular Testing to Cancer Patients

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Medical Genetics
• Health Communication

Background:

• Molecular testing for targetable alterations is standard in cancer care.
• Explaining complex molecular concepts to patients is challenging.
• Metaphors have historically aided medical communication between physicians and patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the use of metaphors in explaining molecular testing to cancer patients in a clinical setting.
• To assess patient understanding and helpfulness of metaphors used for molecular testing concepts.

Main Methods:

• Recorded and transcribed oncologist-patient conversations about molecular testing.
• Coded conversations for metaphor usage.
• Interviewed patients to assess understanding and helpfulness of explained metaphors.

Main Results:

• 17 distinct metaphors were used by 9 oncologists to explain 8 molecular testing terms.
• 38% of patients heard a metaphor; 52% were questioned about it.
• 85% of patients who discussed metaphors demonstrated understanding and found them useful.

Conclusions:

• Metaphors are effective tools for explaining complex molecular testing terms to cancer patients.
• The 17 identified metaphors can be adapted by oncologists to improve patient comprehension.
• As molecular testing becomes standard, metaphors offer a valuable communication strategy.