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Venous Thromboembolism in Children with Cancer and Blood Disorders

Richard H Ko1, Courtney D Thornburg2

  • 1Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, CA , USA.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|February 22, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is complex, often stemming from inherited/acquired thrombophilias. This review covers VTE risks, prevention, and treatment in children with cancer and blood disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant clinical challenge.
  • It is multifactorial, often linked to inherited and acquired thrombophilias.
  • Children with cancer and blood disorders face elevated VTE risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for VTE in pediatric cancer patients (leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumors).
  • To examine VTE risk factors in children with specific blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia and hemophilia.
  • To present current evidence and guidelines for VTE prevention and treatment in these vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of risk factors for VTE in pediatric oncology and hematology.
  • Analysis of disease-related factors (inflammation, abnormal blood flow) and treatment-related factors (central venous catheters, surgery).
  • Synthesis of available clinical guidelines for VTE management.

Main Results:

  • Children with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors exhibit distinct VTE risk profiles.
  • Specific blood disorders like sickle cell anemia and hemophilia are associated with unique VTE risks.
  • Inflammation, abnormal blood flow, central venous catheters, and surgery are key contributors to VTE.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding multifactorial VTE risks is crucial for pediatric cancer and blood disorder patients.
  • Evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies are essential for managing pediatric VTE.
  • Further research may refine VTE risk stratification and therapeutic approaches in these populations.

Keywords:
blood disorderscancerpediatricsthromboprophylaxisvenous thromboembolism

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