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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

24.5K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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MicroRNAs in model and complex organisms.

Hikmet Budak1, Baohong Zhang2

  • 1Cereal Genomics Lab, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. hikmet.budak@montana.edu.

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny ribonucleotides crucial for gene regulation across species. New CRISPR/cas9 technology aids in studying their conserved functions in model and complex organisms.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasNoncoding RNAsPlant and human genomemiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally and translationally.
  • These conserved molecules are expressed in a sequence-specific manner across diverse organisms, including worms, flies, plants, and mammals.
  • Recent advancements in genome editing tools like CRISPR/cas9 facilitate the cloning and study of miRNAs, offering improved control over off-target effects.

Discussion:

  • This special issue focuses on the functional roles of miRNAs in both simple model organisms and complex biological systems.
  • Exploring miRNA functions provides insights into fundamental biological processes and disease mechanisms.
  • The integration of advanced tools like CRISPR/cas9 enhances the precision and efficiency of miRNA research.

Key Insights:

  • MicroRNAs play a vital role in the intricate network of gene regulation.
  • Conserved miRNA sequences across species highlight their fundamental importance in biology.
  • CRISPR/cas9 technology revolutionizes the study of miRNA function and application.

Outlook:

  • Future research will likely delve deeper into the complex regulatory networks involving miRNAs.
  • Investigating miRNA dysregulation in diseases offers potential therapeutic targets.
  • Continued development of genome editing technologies will further accelerate miRNA research and its applications.