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Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

M Zampoli1, Z Mukuddem-Sablay

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. m.zampoli@uct.ac.za.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|February 22, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Adenovirus causes severe pneumonia and persistent lung disease (PLD) in children. Intensive care unit admission and positive blood cultures indicate a poor prognosis for pediatric adenovirus pneumonia.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Respiratory medicine
  • Virology

Background:

  • Viruses are significant causes of childhood pneumonia.
  • Adenovirus is identified as a key etiological agent in pediatric respiratory infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the clinical features, disease severity, and outcomes of children with adenovirus-associated pneumonia (AVP).
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe outcomes in pediatric AVP.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 206 AVP cases over 12 months.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical course, and outcomes such as persistent lung disease (PLD) and mortality.
  • Statistical analysis identified risk factors for mortality and PLD.

Main Results:

  • Adenovirus-associated pneumonia (AVP) affected children with a median age of 12 months.
  • Malnutrition (34.0%) and HIV infection (6.8%) were noted comorbidities.
  • Persistent lung disease (PLD) developed in 14.1% of cases, often associated with hypoxia and ICU admission.
  • Mortality occurred in 8.7% of cases, with independent risk factors including ICU admission and positive blood cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Adenovirus is a significant cause of pneumonia and persistent lung disease (PLD) in young children, particularly in South Africa.
  • Intensive care unit (ICU) admission and positive blood cultures are indicators of poor outcomes in pediatric AVP.
Abstract

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