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Related Concept Videos

Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

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Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He...
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Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view,...
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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
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Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
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Automated Sholl Analysis of Digitized Neuronal Morphology at Multiple Scales
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Edward Shapiro (1951-2016).

Patricia Manz1, George DuPaul1

  • 1Lehigh University.

The American Psychologist
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Edward Shapiro, a dedicated researcher and trainer in school psychology, passed away on March 23, 2016. His advocacy for rigorous scholarship and quality practice leaves a significant void in the field.

Area of Science:

  • School Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Obituary honoring Edward Shapiro, a distinguished figure in school psychology.
  • Shapiro was recognized for his commitment to advancing rigorous scholarship.
  • He championed the delivery of high-quality psychological services.

Discussion:

  • Shapiro's contributions significantly impacted the field of school psychology.
  • His dedication to evidence-based practices influenced numerous professionals.
  • His absence is deeply felt by colleagues and the broader scientific community.

Key Insights:

  • A profound loss to the field of school psychology.
  • Remembered for his advocacy for rigorous research and practice standards.

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  • His legacy impacts the support of children with educational and behavioral disabilities.

    • Outlook:

    • Continuing Shapiro's legacy of excellence in psychological practice.
    • Inspiring future generations of school psychologists.
    • Maintaining high standards in serving children with special needs.