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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
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Domain-specific and domain-general processes underlying metacognitive judgments.

Lisa M Fitzgerald1, Mahnaz Arvaneh2, Paul M Dockree1

  • 1Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Consciousness and Cognition
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Metacognitive accuracy varies across perception, memory, and attention tasks, indicating domain-specific cognitive networks. Informant reports, not self-reports, predicted accuracy, suggesting potential for refined clinical assessment.

Keywords:
Confidence judgmentsDecision makingError monitoringMetacognitionPrefrontal cortexSelf-awareness

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Metacognition and self-awareness are often viewed as global cognitive functions.
  • Previous studies lacked domain-specific comparisons with matched stimuli, potentially confounding results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the domain-specificity of metacognitive accuracy across perception, memory, and attention.
  • To examine the relationship between laboratory metacognition and real-world functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed metacognitive accuracy using confidence judgments (perception, memory) and error awareness (attention).
  • Utilized closely matched stimulus characteristics across tasks.
  • Controlled for objective performance using a staircase procedure.
  • Collected self- and informant-reports of everyday functioning.

Main Results:

  • Metacognitive accuracy was dissociated across the three domains, supporting domain-specific metacognitive networks.
  • Response times for metacognitive judgments and error awareness were associated.
  • Informant reports, but not self-reports, predicted perceptual metacognitive accuracy.
  • Underreporting of cognitive difficulties correlated with lower perceptual metacognitive accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Metacognition is not a global capacity but relies on domain-specific neural systems.
  • Shared temporal mechanisms may underlie different metacognitive judgments.
  • Informant-based assessments may offer valuable insights into metacognitive functioning, particularly in clinical contexts.