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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Peng Wang1, Zhaohai Jing2, Changjiang Liu1
1Department of Endocrinology, Chengyang People's Hospital of Qingdao City, Qingdao 266003, China.
Purpose:
Several epidemiological studies investigated the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and risk of thyroid cancer, but the results were not consistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of HCV infection on thyroid cancer risk.
Methods:
The literature was searched up to March 15, 2016 for case-control or cohort studies on the association between HCV infection and thyroid cancer risk. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results:
Five studies (two case-control studies and three cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 751,551 participants and 367 cases of thyroid cancer. Meta-analysis of those 5 studies found that there was no statistically significant association between HCV infection and thyroid cancer risk (summary RR=2.09, 95%CI 0.78-5.64, p=0.145; I2=81.2%). However, HCV infection was significantly associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (summary RR=2.86, 95%CI 1.63-5.03, p=0.003; I2=24.9%) after adjusting the heterogeneity.
Conclusion:
There is a possible association between HCV infection and increased risk of thyroid cancer, and more cohort studies are needed to validate the possible association.
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