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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

[Geriatric Oncology].

Satoko Maeno¹, Fumio Nagashima, Daisuke Naruge

¹Dept. of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy

|February 23, 2017

Summary

Japan faces a growing elderly population, necessitating specialized cancer care. New research policies and educational programs are being developed to improve treatment outcomes for older cancer patients.

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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

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Published on: April 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Geriatric Oncology
Clinical Research Policy

Background:

Increasing elderly population in Japan requires tailored cancer care.
Limited data and guidelines exist for treating older cancer patients.
Healthcare needs of elderly patients differ significantly from younger demographics.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a geriatric research policy for elderly cancer patients in Japan.
To develop a curriculum for geriatric oncology professionals.
To improve evidence-based evaluation and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Formation of the Geriatric Study Committee within the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG).
Development of a research policy including subject selection, standard endpoints, and assessment tools.
Creation of a geriatric oncology curriculum for medical doctors and nurses.

Main Results:

A comprehensive geriatric research policy framework has been established.
Standardized tools and methodologies for geriatric cancer research are being developed.
Educational initiatives are underway to enhance geriatric oncology expertise.

Conclusions:

Japan is actively addressing the challenges of cancer care in its aging population.
A multidisciplinary team approach involving healthcare providers and government is crucial.
The developed policies and curriculum aim to improve cancer treatment outcomes for elderly patients.