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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

327
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

289
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

511
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
511
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

610
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay TB-MBLA
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Outcomes from the first multidrug-resistant tuberculosis programme in Kenya.

H Huerga1, M Bastard1, M Kamene2

  • 1Epicentre, Paris, France.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|February 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Kenya

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tuberculosis Research

Background:

  • The first multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment program in Kenya began in March 2006.
  • MDR-TB poses a significant global health challenge, requiring effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate treatment outcomes and adverse events in patients undergoing MDR-TB treatment in Kenya.
  • To identify factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patient case notes from two Médecins Sans Frontières-supported sites and the national referral hospital.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes, adverse events, and patient characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Treatment success rate was 76.6%, with 14.5% deaths and 8.3% lost to follow-up.
  • Adverse events were common, including nausea/vomiting (45.9%), electrolyte disturbance (43.9%), and hypothyroidism (31.6%).
  • HIV-positive individuals and women had higher risks of unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • High MDR-TB treatment success was achieved in Kenya using an ambulatory care model, even with high HIV co-infection rates.
  • Systematic biochemical monitoring is crucial due to frequent electrolyte disturbances and hypothyroidism.